Research Sketches and Thoughts
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Related Directions
I am still new to quantum computing, but I want to do research in quantum computing, visualization for quantum computing and develop tools for quantum software development.
- Quantum Computing (QC)
- Quantum Simulation
- Quantum Software Development (QSD)
- Quantum Machine Learning (QML)
- Agents for QC and QSD
- Visualization (Vis)
- Large Language Models (LLMs) and Agents for Vis
- Visualization for QC

Knowns and Unknowns
Quantum Computing Concepts
Walking through Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielson and Chuang.
Known knowns:
- Bloch Sphere
- Qubit Math Formulation
- Basic quantum gates
Known unknowns:
- Quantum Algorithms
- Visualization techniques for quantum computing
- What is variational quantum circuits?
Quantum Computing Toolkits
Known knowns:
- Some basics of QASM
Known unknowns:
- Any concrete knowledge about any of quantum computing frameworks
Research Proposal WIP
Rough Ideas
Quantum Software Development:
- Quantum Simulator:
- I know how to write CUDA kernels
- but what are SOTA simulation algorithms? Need research 📌
- LLM agents:
- I know how to develop LLM agents
- No open benchmarks for testing LLM's understanding of quantum computing
- should make one first?
- There are techniques to train LLMs based on RL and rewards
- For a quantum code assistant, maybe we can train it with rewards from a quantum simulator
- Quantum Software Stack? 📌
- what does a quantum compiler do?
- Any other components in this stack?
Visualization with LLMs / NL2VIS:
- Personalized interactive visualization with LLMs
- Visualization Generation with Large Language Models: An Evaluation
- this is a "survey", published on Jan 2024, a bit outdated
- use Vega-Lite, a json-based DSL
- no reasoning models (like o1) examined
- reference: Chat2VIS 📌
- reference: LIDA 📌
- componentize the current algorithm-specific and generic visualization tools?
- Visualization Generation with Large Language Models: An Evaluation
- The criteria of how well a LLM did visualization seem to be a research question
- Lack of benchmarks and evals? 📌
- NL2SQL is one
- LIDA has developed some evals
- nvBench
- Eval with Multimodal capability
- RFT on visualization?
- Lack of benchmarks and evals? 📌
Visualization for quantum computing:
- Read the paper QuantumEyes ✅
- Reading the paper VIOLET 📌
- Should make a survey based on the references in QuantumEyes and VIOLET and those that refer these two papers
- Seems multi-qubit visualization is still an open research challenge / scalability of visualization
- Can VR/MR help? 📌
- Idea: Should take quantum gates as batch/broadcast operations on tensors instead of focusing on transition of every single basis state; deeply linked to tensor networks
- Idea: Quantum circuits are kind of MLPs that have complex coefficients, very similar to attention. Maybe vis on neural networks help?
- Visualization for transformers may help? 📌
- Inspired by the podcast by Lawrence Krauss and Scott Aaronson:
- Can we visualize interference of qubits? as "interference is the magic"
Quantum Machine Learning:
Autoregressive sampling (GPT-style sequential generation) has striking similarities to quantum circuits:
Goals
All together, we should develop a holistic solution for quantum software dev:
- Visualization tools for understand a quantum program
- LLM agents to:
- understand the concepts of quantum computing
- understand a quantum program with personalized visualization
- help develop new quantum algorithms
- maybe develop quantum software autonomously
- Quantum software stack, including:
- IDE with DSL server
- Debugger with visualization
- toolchains for compiling and running a quantum program:
- compiler
- simulator
- connector to physical quantum computers
Besides, an agent for visualization should generalize to Data Analytics and Visualization.
Misc
- Write a statement of research significance for NTU application
- Done, see Aims of Project Statement
- Prepare for and get a GRE test on 28th Feb 📌